Fragrance Characteristics
Here is a brief introduction to the characteristics of various aromatic ingredients.
Sandalwood (Byakudan)
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General scent: Rich, deep sweetness
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Indian origin: Sweetness with a cooling sensation
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Indonesian origin: Sweet and slightly sour, refreshing
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Australian origin: Tangy scent
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Additional properties:
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Insect-repellent effect
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Used in traditional medicine for pain relief and digestive aid
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Agarwood (Jinkō)
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Flavor profile: Sweet, pungent, bitter, sour, salty
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Vietnamese origin: Cool, sweet scent
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Indonesian origin: Warm, woody scent
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Bornean origin: Floral and refreshing
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Additional properties:
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Promotes restful sleep and warming effects in traditional medicine
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Air purification, calming, analgesic, antibacterial, and mood-stabilizing effects
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Cinnamon (Keihi)
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Scent transition: Starts spicy, turns sweet
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Chinese origin: Sweet scent
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Vietnamese origin: Spicy scent
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Medicinal use: Digestive aid
Clove (Chōji)
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Scent: Spicy with pungency
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Small amounts: Sweet vanilla-like aroma
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Larger amounts: Spicy and strong
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Medicinal use: Digestive aid, pain relief
Benzoin (Ansokukō)
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Scent: Sweet, vanilla-like
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Use: Fixative for prolonging fragrance
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Medicinal use: Cough suppressant, pain relief
Borneol (Ryūnō)
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Scent: Cool, refreshing, camphoraceous
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Usage: Also used in ink (sumi)
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Medicinal use: Insect repellent, expectorant
Star Anise (Daiuikyō / Fennel)
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Scent: Spicy sweetness with bitter and hot notes
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Notes: Resembles wasabi; used in Chinese cooking as “Hakkaku”
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Medicinal use: Digestive and preservative effects
Frankincense (Nyūkō)
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Scent: Citrusy freshness with a sweet aroma
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Medicinal use: Pain relief, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial
Galanga (Sanna / Resurrection Lily)
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Scent: Fresh, ginger-like
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Medicinal use: Warming and insect-repelling properties
Spikenard (Kanshō)
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Scent: Woody, earthy, and sweetly deep
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Note: Adds depth and richness to blended scents
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Medicinal use: Digestive aid
Patchouli (Kakkō)
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Scent: Refreshing and cooling
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Use: Common base note in perfumes
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Medicinal use: Digestive aid, cold prevention, insect repellent, pain relief, fever reduction
Shell Musk (Kaikō)
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Scent: Refreshing with a briny sea note
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Use: Fragrance fixative
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Medicinal use: Treats digestive disorders
Costus Root (Mokkō)
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Scent: Bitter
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Medicinal use: Insect repellent, pain relief, anti-inflammatory
Nardostachys (Reiryōkō)
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Scent: Rich, deep, and intense
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Use: Adds a luxurious and grounding tone to blends
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Medicinal use: Calming/sedative effect
Pogostemon (Haisōkō)
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Scent: Cool and refreshing
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Use: Masculine and deep base note
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Medicinal use: Fever reduction
Clove (Chōji) [Repeated]
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Scent: Strong sweetness
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Medicinal use: Digestive aid, pain relief
Tabu Powder (Tabuko)
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Made from powdered leaves and bark of the Tabu tree.
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Used as a binding agent in incense sticks and also in powdered incense (makkō).
Shina Powder (Shinako)
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A base material for incense, known for being stickier than tabu powder.
Charcoal Powder (Sumiko)
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Made from finely ground charcoal.
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Burns easily, used in kneaded incense and sticks.
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Prevents mold growth.